7th United States Congress

The Seventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1801 to March 3, 1803, during the first two years of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the First Census of the United States in 1790. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority, except during the Special session of the Senate, when there was a Federalist majority in the Senate.



Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate
TOTAL members: 34
 * Democratic-Republican (DR): 17 (majority)
 * Federalist (F): 15
 * vacant: 2

House of Representatives
TOTAL members: 107
 * Democratic-Republican (DR): 68 (majority)
 * Federalist (F): 38
 * vacant: 1



Senate

 * President: Aaron Burr (DR)
 * President pro tempore:
 * Abraham Baldwin (DR), first elected December 7, 1801
 * Stephen R. Bradley (DR), first elected December 14, 1802

House of Representatives

 * Speaker: Nathaniel Macon, (DR), elected December 7, 1801

Major events

 * 1801-03-04 — Presidential inauguration of Thomas Jefferson
 * 1801-05-10 — The pascha of Tripoli declared war on United States by having the flagpole on the consulate chopped down
 * 1802-03-16 — West Point established
 * 1803-02-24 — First time an Act of Congress was declared unconstitutional: U.S. Supreme Court case, Marbury v. Madison

Major legislation

 * April 29, 1802 — Judiciary Act of 1802, ch. 31,
 * April 30, 1802 — Enabling Act of 1802, ch. 40,

States admitted

 * November 29, 1802 — Ohio admitted as a state. It was formerly a portion of the Northwest Territory

Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.



Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1802; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1804; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1806.

Connecticut

 * 1: James Hillhouse (F)
 * 3: Uriah Tracy (F)

Delaware

 * 2: William H. Wells (F)
 * 1: Samuel White (F)

Georgia

 * 2: Abraham Baldwin (DR)
 * 3: James Jackson (DR)

Kentucky

 * 2: John Brown (DR)
 * 3: John Breckinridge (DR)

Maryland

 * 1: John Eager Howard (F)
 * 3: William Hindman (F)
 * Robert Wright (DR)

Massachusetts

 * 2: Dwight Foster (F)
 * 1: Jonathan Mason (F)

New Hampshire

 * 2: Samuel Livermore (F)
 * Simeon Olcott (F)
 * 3: James Sheafe (F)
 * William Plumer (F)

New Jersey

 * 2: Jonathan Dayton (F)
 * 1: Aaron Ogden (F)

New York

 * 1: Gouverneur Morris (F)
 * 3: John Armstrong, Jr. (DR)
 * DeWitt Clinton (DR)

North Carolina

 * 2: Jesse Franklin (DR)
 * 3: David Stone (DR)

Ohio

 * 1: vacant
 * 3: vacant

Pennsylvania

 * 1: James Ross (F)
 * 3: Peter Muhlenberg (DR)
 * George Logan (DR)

Rhode Island

 * 1: Theodore Foster (DR)
 * 2: Ray Greene (F)
 * Christopher Ellery (DR)

South Carolina

 * 2: Charles Pinckney (DR)
 * Thomas Sumter (DR)
 * 3: John Ewing Colhoun (DR)
 * Pierce Butler (DR)

Tennessee

 * 1: Joseph Anderson (DR)
 * 2: William Cocke (DR)

Vermont

 * 3: Elijah Paine (F)
 * Stephen R. Bradley (DR)
 * 1: Nathaniel Chipman (F)

Virginia

 * 1: Stevens T. Mason (DR)
 * 2: Wilson C. Nicholas (DR)

House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Connecticut
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district: Samuel W. Dana (F)
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district: John Davenport (F)
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district: Calvin Goddard (F), May 14, 1801 – End
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district: Roger Griswold (F)
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district: Elias Perkins (F)
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district: John Cotton Smith (F)
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district: Benjamin Tallmadge (F)

Delaware

 * Delaware's at-large congressional district: James A. Bayard (F)

Georgia
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * Georgia's at-large congressional district: John Milledge (DR), Until May 1802 (resigned to become Governor)
 * Peter Early (DR), January 10, 1803 – End
 * Georgia's 2nd congressional district: Benjamin Taliaferro (DR), Until May 1802 (resigned)
 * David Meriwether (DR), December 6, 1802 – End

Kentucky

 * Kentucky's 1st congressional district: Thomas T. Davis (DR)
 * Kentucky's 2nd congressional district: John Fowler (DR)

Maryland

 * Maryland's 1st congressional district: John Campbell (F)
 * Maryland's 2nd congressional district: Richard Sprigg, Jr. (DR), Until February 11, 1802 (resigned)
 * Walter Bowie (DR), March 24, 1802 – End
 * Maryland's 3rd congressional district: Thomas Plater (F)
 * Maryland's 4th congressional district: Daniel Hiester (DR)
 * Maryland's 5th congressional district: Samuel Smith (DR)
 * Maryland's 6th congressional district: John Archer (DR)
 * Maryland's 7th congressional district: Joseph H. Nicholson (DR)
 * Maryland's 8th congressional district: John Dennis (F)'

Massachusetts

 * Massachusetts's 1st congressional district: John Bacon (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district: William Shepard (F)
 * Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district: Ebenezer Mattoon (F)
 * Massachusetts's 4th congressional district: Levi Lincoln, Sr. (DR), Until 1801-03-05 (resigned to become United States Attorney General)
 * Seth Hastings (F), August 24, 1801 – End
 * Massachusetts's 5th congressional district: Lemuel Williams (F)
 * Massachusetts's 6th congressional district: Josiah Smith (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 7th congressional district: Phanuel Bishop (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 8th congressional district: William Eustis (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 9th congressional district: Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 10th congressional district: Nathan Read (F)
 * Massachusetts's 11th congressional district: Manasseh Cutler (F)
 * Massachusetts's 12th congressional district: Silas Lee (F), Until August 20, 1801 (resigned)
 * Samuel Thatcher (F), December 6, 1802 – End
 * Massachusetts's 13th congressional district: Peleg Wadsworth (F)
 * Massachusetts's 14th congressional district: Richard Cutts (DR)

New Hampshire
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * New Hampshire's at-large congressional district: Abiel Foster (F)
 * New Hampshire's at-large congressional district: Joseph Peirce (F)
 * Samuel Hunt (F)
 * New Hampshire's at-large congressional district: Samuel Tenney (F)
 * New Hampshire's at-large congressional district: George B. Upham (F)

New Jersey
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district: John Condit (DR)
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district: Ebenezer Elmer (DR)
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district: William Helms (DR)
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district: James Mott (DR)
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district: Henry Southard (DR)

New York

 * New York's 1st congressional district: John Smith (DR)
 * New York's 2nd congressional district: Samuel L. Mitchill (DR)
 * New York's 3rd congressional district: Philip Van Cortlandt (DR)
 * New York's 4th congressional district: Lucas C. Elmendorf (DR)
 * New York's 5th congressional district: Thomas Tillotson (DR)
 * Theodorus Bailey (DR)
 * New York's 6th congressional district: John Bird (F)
 * John P. Van Ness (DR), seat declared forfeited January 17, 1803 to end of term
 * New York's 7th congressional district: David Thomas (DR)
 * New York's 8th congressional district: Killian K. Van Rensselaer (F)
 * New York's 9th congressional district: Benjamin Walker (F)
 * New York's 10th congressional district: Thomas Morris (F)

North Carolina

 * North Carolina's 1st congressional district: James Holland (DR)
 * North Carolina's 2nd congressional district: Archibald Henderson (F)
 * North Carolina's 3rd congressional district: Robert Williams (DR)
 * North Carolina's 4th congressional district: Richard Stanford (DR)
 * North Carolina's 5th congressional district: Nathaniel Macon (DR)
 * North Carolina's 6th congressional district: William H. Hill (F)
 * North Carolina's 7th congressional district: William Barry Grove (F)
 * North Carolina's 8th congressional district: Charles Johnson (DR)
 * Thomas Wynns (DR)
 * North Carolina's 9th congressional district: Willis Alston (DR)
 * North Carolina's 10th congressional district: John Stanly (F)

Ohio

 * Ohio's at-large congressional district:

Pennsylvania

 * Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district: William Jones (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district: Michael Leib (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district: Joseph Hemphill (F)
 * Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district : Robert Brown (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district : Isaac Van Horne (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district: Joseph Hiester (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 6th congressional district: John A. Hanna (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district: Thomas Boude (F)
 * Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district: John Stewart (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 9th congressional district: Andrew Gregg (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district: Henry Woods (F)
 * Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district: John Smilie (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district: William Hoge (DR)

Rhode Island
Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * Rhode Island's at-large congressional district: Joseph Stanton, Jr. (DR)
 * Rhode Island's at-large congressional district: Thomas Tillinghast (DR)

South Carolina

 * South Carolina's 1st congressional district: Thomas Lowndes (F)
 * South Carolina's 2nd congressional district: John Rutledge, Jr. (F)
 * South Carolina's 3rd congressional district: Benjamin Huger (F)
 * South Carolina's 4th congressional district: Thomas Sumter (DR)
 * Richard Winn (DR)
 * South Carolina's 5th congressional district: William Butler, Sr. (DR)
 * South Carolina's 6th congressional district: Thomas Moore (DR)

Tennessee

 * Tennessee's at-large congressional district: William Dickson (DR)

Vermont

 * Vermont's 1st congressional district: Israel Smith (DR)
 * Vermont's 2nd congressional district: Lewis R. Morris (F)

Virginia

 * Virginia's 1st congressional district: John Smith (DR)
 * Virginia's 2nd congressional district: David Holmes (DR)
 * Virginia's 3rd congressional district: George Jackson (DR)
 * Virginia's 4th congressional district: Abram Trigg (DR)
 * Virginia's 5th congressional district: John J. Trigg (DR)
 * Virginia's 6th congressional district: Matthew Clay (DR)
 * Virginia's 7th congressional district: John Randolph (DR)
 * Virginia's 8th congressional district: Thomas Claiborne (DR)
 * Virginia's 9th congressional district: William B. Giles (DR)
 * Virginia's 10th congressional district: Edwin Gray (DR)
 * Virginia's 11th congressional district: Thomas Newton, Jr. (DR)
 * Virginia's 12th congressional district: John Stratton (F)
 * Virginia's 13th congressional district: John Clopton (DR)
 * Virginia's 14th congressional district: Samuel J. Cabell (DR)
 * Virginia's 15th congressional district: John Dawson (DR)
 * Virginia's 16th congressional district: Anthony New (DR)
 * Virginia's 17th congressional district: Richard Brent (DR)
 * Virginia's 18th congressional district: Philip R. Thompson (DR)
 * Virginia's 19th congressional district: John Taliaferro (DR)

Non-voting members

 * Mississippi Territory's at-large congressional district: Narsworthy Hunter, until March 11, 1802
 * Thomas M. Green Jr. (DR), December 6, 1802 – end


 * Northwest Territory's at-large congressional district: Paul Fearing (F)

Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

 * replacements: 5
 * Democratic-Republicans: 1 seat net gain
 * Federalists: 1 seat net loss
 * deaths: 1
 * resignations: 8
 * interim appointments: 1
 * vacancies: 1
 * Total seats with changes: 10

House of Representatives

 * replacements: 8
 * Democratic-Republicans: no net change
 * Federalists: no net change
 * deaths: 1
 * resignations: 9
 * forfeiture: 1
 * vacancy: 1
 * Total seats with changes: 11

Officers

 * Architect of the Capitol: William Thornton

Senate

 * Secretary: Samuel A. Otis of Massachusetts
 * Doorkeeper: James Mathers of New York
 * Chaplain:
 * Thomas J. Claggett, Episcopalian
 * Edward Gantt, Episcopalian, December 9, 1801 – End

House of Representatives

 * Clerk: John Beckley of Virginia, December 7, 1801 – End
 * Sergeant at Arms: Joseph Wheaton, December 7, 1801 – End
 * Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton, December 7, 1801 – End
 * Chaplain: William Parkinson, Baptist, December 7, 1801 – End