10th United States Congress

The Tenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4 1807 to March 3 1809, during the seventh and eighth years of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Second Census of the United States in 1800. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.

Major events

 * May 22, 1807 - Former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr was indicted for treason — he was acquitted September 1, 1807
 * August 17, 1807 - The Clermont, Robert Fulton's first American steamboat, left New York City — inaugurating the first commercial steamboat service in the world
 * January 1, 1808 - The importation of slaves into the United States was banned

Major legislation

 * December 22 1807 - Embargo Act of 1807, ch. 5,
 * March 1 1809 - Non-Intercourse Act, ch. 24,

Territories organized

 * March 1 1809 - Illinois Territory was organized from a portion of Indiana Territory

Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate
TOTAL members: 34
 * Democratic-Republican (DR): 28 (majority)
 * Federalist (F): 6

House of Representatives
TOTAL members: 142
 * Democratic-Republican (DR): 116 (majority)
 * Federalist (F): 26

Senate

 * Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):
 * George Clinton, Democratic-Republican of New York
 * President pro tempore of the Senate:
 * Samuel Smith, Democratic-Republican of Maryland, elected April 16 1808
 * Stephen R. Bradley, Democratic-Republican of Vermont, elected December 28 1808
 * John Milledge, Democratic-Republican of Georgia, elected January 30 1809

House of Representatives

 * Speaker of the House: Joseph Bradley Varnum, Democratic-Republican of Massachusetts, elected October 26 1807



Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 Senators' terms ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1808; Class 2 Senators' terms began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1810; and Class 3 Senators' terms began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1812.

Connecticut

 * 1: James Hillhouse (F)
 * 3: Uriah Tracy (F)
 * Chauncey Goodrich (F)

Delaware

 * 1: Samuel White (F)
 * 2: James A. Bayard (F)

Georgia

 * 2: Abraham Baldwin (DR)
 * George Jones (DR)
 * William H. Crawford (DR)
 * 3: John Milledge (DR)

Kentucky

 * 2: Buckner Thruston (DR)
 * 3: John Pope (DR)

Maryland

 * 1: Samuel Smith (DR)
 * 3: Philip Reed (DR)

Massachusetts

 * 2: Timothy Pickering (F)
 * 1: John Quincy Adams (F)
 * James Lloyd (F)

New Hampshire

 * 2: Nicholas Gilman (DR)
 * 3: Nahum Parker (DR)

New Jersey

 * 1: John Condit (DR)
 * 2: Aaron Kitchell (DR)

New York

 * 3: John Smith (DR)
 * 1: Samuel L. Mitchill (DR)

North Carolina

 * 2: James Turner (DR)
 * 3: Jesse Franklin (DR)

Ohio

 * 1: John Smith (DR)
 * Return J. Meigs, Jr. (DR)
 * 3: Edward Tiffin (DR)

Pennsylvania

 * 1: Samuel Maclay (DR)
 * Michael Leib (DR)
 * 3: Andrew Gregg (DR)

Rhode Island

 * 1: Benjamin Howland (DR)
 * 2: James Fenner (DR)
 * Elisha Mathewson (DR)

South Carolina

 * 2: Thomas Sumter (DR)
 * 3: John Gaillard (DR)

Tennessee

 * 1: Joseph Anderson (DR)
 * 2: Daniel Smith (DR)

Vermont

 * 3: Stephen R. Bradley (DR)
 * 1: Israel Smith (DR)
 * Jonathan Robinson (DR)

Virginia

 * 2: William B. Giles (DR)
 * 1: Andrew Moore (DR)



House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "At-large," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Connecticut
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district. Epaphroditus Champion (F)
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district. Samuel W. Dana (F)
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district. John Davenport (F)
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district. Jonathan O. Moseley (F)
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district. Timothy Pitkin (F)
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district. Lewis B. Sturges (F)
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district. Benjamin Tallmadge (F)

Delaware

 * Delaware's at-large congressional district. Nicholas Van Dyke (F), installed October 6, 1807

Georgia

 * Georgia's at-large congressional district. William W. Bibb (DR)
 * Georgia's at-large congressional district. Howell Cobb (DR)
 * Georgia's at-large congressional district. Dennis Smelt (DR)
 * Georgia's at-large congressional district. George M. Troup (DR)

Kentucky

 * Kentucky's 1st congressional district. Matthew Lyon (DR)
 * Kentucky's 2nd congressional district. John Boyle (DR)
 * Kentucky's 3rd congressional district. John Rowan (DR)
 * Kentucky's 4th congressional district. Richard M. Johnson (DR)
 * Kentucky's 5th congressional district. Benjamin Howard (DR)
 * Kentucky's 6th congressional district. Joseph Desha (DR)

Maryland
The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.
 * Maryland's 1st congressional district. John Campbell (F)
 * Maryland's 2nd congressional district. Archibald Van Horne (DR)
 * Maryland's 3rd congressional district. Philip B. Key (F)
 * Maryland's 4th congressional district. Roger Nelson (DR)
 * Maryland's 5th congressional district. William McCreery (DR)
 * Maryland's 5th congressional district. Nicholas R. Moore (DR)
 * Maryland's 6th congressional district. John Montgomery (DR)
 * Maryland's 7th congressional district. Edward Lloyd (DR)
 * Maryland's 8th congressional district. Charles Goldsborough (F)

Massachusetts

 * Massachusetts's 1st congressional district. Josiah Quincy (F)
 * Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district. Jacob Crowninshield (DR)
 * Joseph Story (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district. Edward St. Loe Livermore (F)
 * Massachusetts's 4th congressional district. Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 5th congressional district. William Ely (F)
 * Massachusetts's 6th congressional district. Samuel Taggart (F)
 * Massachusetts's 7th congressional district. Joseph Barker (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 8th congressional district. Isaiah L. Green (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 9th congressional district. Josiah Dean (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 10th congressional district. Jabez Upham (F)
 * Massachusetts's 11th congressional district. William Stedman (F)
 * Massachusetts's 12th congressional district. Barnabas Bidwell (DR)
 * Ezekiel Bacon (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 13th congressional district. Ebenezer Seaver (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 14th congressional district. Richard Cutts (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 15th congressional district. Daniel Ilsley (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 16th congressional district. Orchard Cook (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 17th congressional district. John Chandler (DR)

New Hampshire
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * New Hampshire's at-large congressional district. Peter Carleton (DR)
 * New Hampshire's at-large congressional district. Daniel M. Durell (DR)
 * New Hampshire's at-large congressional district. Francis Gardner (DR)
 * New Hampshire's at-large congressional district. Jedediah K. Smith (DR)
 * New Hampshire's at-large congressional district. Clement Storer (DR)

New Jersey
All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district. Ezra Darby (DR)
 * Adam Boyd (DR)
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district. William Helms (DR)
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district. John Lambert (DR)
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district. Thomas Newbold (DR)
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district. James Sloan (DR)
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district. Henry Southard (DR)

New York
The 2nd and 3rd district was one area with two representatives elected at-large from both.
 * New York's 1st congressional district. Samuel Riker (DR)
 * New York's 2nd congressional district. Gurdon S. Mumford (DR)
 * New York's 3rd congressional district. George Clinton (DR)
 * New York's 4th congressional district. Philip Van Cortlandt (DR)
 * New York's 5th congressional district. John Blake, Jr. (DR)
 * New York's 6th congressional district. Daniel C. Verplanck (DR)
 * New York's 7th congressional district. Barent Gardenier (F)
 * New York's 8th congressional district. James I. Van Alen (DR)
 * New York's 9th congressional district. Killian K. Van Rensselaer (F)
 * New York's 10th congressional district. Josiah Masters (DR)
 * New York's 11th congressional district. John Thompson (DR)
 * New York's 12th congressional district. David Thomas (DR)
 * Nathan Wilson (DR)
 * New York's 13th congressional district. Peter Swart (DR)
 * New York's 14th congressional district. John Russell (DR)
 * New York's 15th congressional district. William Kirkpatrick (DR)
 * New York's 16th congressional district. Reuben Humphrey (DR)
 * New York's 17th congressional district. John Harris (DR)

North Carolina

 * North Carolina's 1st congressional district. Lemuel Sawyer (DR)
 * North Carolina's 2nd congressional district. Willis Alston (DR)
 * North Carolina's 3rd congressional district. Thomas Blount (DR)
 * North Carolina's 4th congressional district. William Blackledge (DR)
 * North Carolina's 5th congressional district. Thomas Kenan (DR)
 * North Carolina's 6th congressional district. Nathaniel Macon (DR)
 * North Carolina's 7th congressional district. John Culpepper (F), seat declared vacant January 2, 1808 - February 23, 1808
 * North Carolina's 8th congressional district. Richard Stanford (DR)
 * North Carolina's 9th congressional district. Marmaduke Williams (DR)
 * North Carolina's 10th congressional district. Evan S. Alexander (DR)
 * North Carolina's 11th congressional district. James Holland (DR)
 * North Carolina's 12th congressional district. Meshack Franklin (DR)

Ohio

 * Ohio's at-large congressional district. Jeremiah Morrow (DR)

Pennsylvania
There were four plural districts, the 1st, 2nd, & 3rd had three representatives each, the 4th had two representatives.
 * Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district. Joseph Clay (DR)
 * Benjamin Say (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district. John Porter (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district. Jacob Richards (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district. Robert Brown (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district. William Milnor (F)
 * Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district. John Pugh (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district. John Hiester (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district. Robert Jenkins (F)
 * Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district. Matthias Richards (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district. David Bard (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district. Robert Whitehill (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district. Daniel Montgomery, Jr. (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 6th congressional district. James Kelly (F)
 * Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district. John Rea (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district. William Findley (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 9th congressional district. John Smilie (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district. William Hoge (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district. Samuel Smith (DR)

Rhode Island
Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * Rhode Island's at-large congressional district. Nehemiah Knight (DR)
 * Richard Jackson, Jr. (F)
 * Rhode Island's at-large congressional district. Isaac Wilbour (DR)

South Carolina

 * South Carolina's 1st congressional district. Robert Marion (DR)
 * South Carolina's 2nd congressional district. William Butler, Sr. (DR)
 * South Carolina's 3rd congressional district. David R. Williams (DR)
 * South Carolina's 4th congressional district. John Taylor (DR)
 * South Carolina's 5th congressional district. Richard Winn (DR)
 * South Carolina's 6th congressional district. Joseph Calhoun (DR), installed June 2, 1807
 * South Carolina's 7th congressional district. Thomas Moore (DR)
 * South Carolina's 8th congressional district. Lemuel J. Alston (DR)

Tennessee

 * Tennessee's 1st congressional district. John Rhea (DR)
 * Tennessee's 2nd congressional district. George W. Campbell (DR)
 * Tennessee's 3rd congressional district. Jesse Wharton (DR)

Vermont

 * Vermont's 1st congressional district. James Witherell (DR)
 * Samuel Shaw (DR)
 * Vermont's 2nd congressional district. James Elliott (F)
 * Vermont's 3rd congressional district. James Fisk (DR)
 * Vermont's 4th congressional district. Martin Chittenden (F)

Virginia

 * Virginia's 1st congressional district. John G. Jackson (DR)
 * Virginia's 2nd congressional district. John Morrow (DR)
 * Virginia's 3rd congressional district. John Smith (DR)
 * Virginia's 4th congressional district. David Holmes (DR)
 * Virginia's 5th congressional district. Alexander Wilson (DR)
 * Virginia's 6th congressional district. Abram Trigg (DR)
 * Virginia's 7th congressional district. Joseph Lewis, Jr. (F)
 * Virginia's 8th congressional district. Walter Jones (DR)
 * Virginia's 9th congressional district. John Love (DR)
 * Virginia's 10th congressional district. John Dawson (DR)
 * Virginia's 11th congressional district. James M. Garnett (DR)
 * Virginia's 12th congressional district. Burwell Bassett (DR)
 * Virginia's 13th congressional district. William A. Burwell (DR)
 * Virginia's 14th congressional district. Matthew Clay (DR)
 * Virginia's 15th congressional district. John Randolph (DR)
 * Virginia's 16th congressional district. John W. Eppes (DR)
 * Virginia's 17th congressional district. John Claiborne (DR)
 * Thomas Gholson, Jr. (DR)
 * Virginia's 18th congressional district. Peterson Goodwyn (DR)
 * Virginia's 19th congressional district. Edwin Gray (DR)
 * Virginia's 20th congressional district. Thomas Newton, Jr. (DR)
 * Virginia's 21st congressional district. Wilson C. Nicholas (DR)
 * Virginia's 22nd congressional district. John Clopton (DR)

Non-voting members

 * Indiana Territory's at-large congressional district. Benjamin Parke
 * Jesse B. Thomas
 * Mississippi Territory's at-large congressional district. George Poindexter
 * Orleans Territory's at-large congressional district. Daniel Clark

Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

 * replacements: 4
 * Democratic-Republicans: no net change
 * Federalists: no net change
 * deaths: 2
 * resignations: 6
 * interim appointments: 1
 * Total seats with changes: 8

House of Representatives

 * replacements: 7
 * Democratic-Republicans: 1 seat net loss
 * Federalists: 1 seat net gain


 * deaths: 4
 * resignations: 5
 * contested election: 1
 * Total seats with changes: 10

Employees

 * Architect of the Capitol: Benjamin Latrobe

Senate

 * Secretary: Samuel A. Otis of Massachusetts
 * Sergeant at Arms: James Mathers of New York
 * Chaplain:
 * Alexander T. McCormick, Episcopalian, elected November 10, 1807
 * Robert Elliott, Presbyterian, elected November 10, 1808

House of Representatives

 * Clerk: Patrick Magruder of Maryland, elected October 26, 1807
 * Sergeant at Arms: Thomas Dunn of Maryland, elected October 26, 1807
 * Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton, elected October 26, 1807
 * Chaplain: Obadiah B. Brown, Baptist, elected October 26, 1807