12th United States Congress

The Twelfth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1811 to March 3, 1813, during the third and fourth years of James Madison's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Second Census of the United States in 1800. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.

Major events

 * November 6, 1811 – Battle of Tippecanoe William Henry Harrison defeated the forces of Tecumseh
 * April 20, 1812 - Vice President George Clinton died
 * June 18, 1812 – War of 1812 United States declared war on Great Britain
 * August 16, 1812 – War of 1812 Detroit surrendered to the British.
 * October 13, 1812 – War of 1812, the Battle of Queenston Heights took place.
 * Napoleonic Wars (1799 - 1815) - Peninsular War
 * Russo-Turkish War, 1806-1812

States admitted and territories organized

 * April 30, 1812 — Louisiana was admitted as a state into the Union. It was formerly known as the Territory of Orleans
 * June 4, 1812 — Missouri Territory was organized. It was formed from the Territory of Orleans

Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate
TOTAL members: 36
 * Democratic-Republican (DR): 30 (majority)
 * Federalist (F): 6

House of Representatives
TOTAL members: 143
 * Democratic-Republican (DR): 107 (majority)
 * Federalist (F): 36



Senate

 * President: George Clinton (DR)
 * President pro tempore: William H. Crawford (DR)

House of Representatives

 * Speaker: Henry Clay (DR)

Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1814; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1816; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1812


 * Connecticut


 * 3: Chauncey Goodrich (F)
 * 1: Samuel W. Dana (F)
 * Delaware


 * 2: James A. Bayard (F), resigned March 3, 1813
 * 1: Outerbridge Horsey (F)
 * Georgia


 * 2: William H. Crawford (DR)
 * 3: Charles Tait (DR)
 * Kentucky


 * 3: John Pope (DR)
 * 2: George M. Bibb (DR)
 * Louisiana


 * 3: Allan B. Magruder (DR)
 * 2: Jean N. Destréhan (DR)
 * Thomas Posey (DR)
 * James Brown (DR)
 * Maryland


 * 1: Samuel Smith (DR)
 * 3: Philip Reed (DR)


 * Massachusetts


 * 1: James Lloyd (F)
 * 2: Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR), seated June 29, 1811
 * New Hampshire


 * 2: Nicholas Gilman (DR)
 * 3: Charles Cutts (DR)
 * New Jersey


 * 1: John Lambert (DR)
 * 2: John Condit (DR)
 * New York


 * 3: John Smith (DR)
 * 1: Obadiah German (DR)
 * North Carolina


 * 2: James Turner (DR)
 * 3: Jesse Franklin (DR)
 * Ohio


 * 3: Alexander Campbell (DR)
 * 1: Thomas Worthington (DR)


 * Pennsylvania


 * 3: Andrew Gregg (DR)
 * 1: Michael Leib (DR)
 * Rhode Island


 * 1: Christopher G. Champlin (F)
 * William Hunter (F)
 * 2: Jeremiah B. Howell (DR)
 * South Carolina


 * 3: John Gaillard (DR)
 * 2: John Taylor (DR)
 * Tennessee


 * 1: Joseph Anderson (DR)
 * 2: Jenkin Whiteside (DR)
 * George W. Campbell (DR)
 * Vermont


 * 3: Stephen R. Bradley (DR)
 * 1: Jonathan Robinson (DR)
 * Virginia


 * 2: William B. Giles (DR)
 * 1: Richard Brent (DR)

House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.


 * Connecticut

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district: Epaphroditus Champion (F)
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district: John Davenport (F)
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district: Lyman Law (F)
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district: Jonathan O. Moseley (F)
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district: Timothy Pitkin (F)
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district: Lewis B. Sturges (F)
 * Connecticut's at-large congressional district: Benjamin Tallmadge (F)
 * Delaware


 * Delaware's at-large congressional district: Henry M. Ridgely (F)
 * Georgia

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * Georgia's at-large congressional district: William W. Bibb (DR)
 * Georgia's at-large congressional district: Howell Cobb (DR)
 * William Barnett (DR)
 * Georgia's at-large congressional district: Bolling Hall (DR)
 * Georgia's at-large congressional district: George M. Troup (DR)
 * Kentucky


 * Kentucky's 1st congressional district: Anthony New (DR)
 * Kentucky's 2nd congressional district: Samuel McKee (DR)
 * Kentucky's 3rd congressional district: Stephen Ormsby (DR)
 * Kentucky's 4th congressional district: Richard M. Johnson (DR)
 * Kentucky's 5th congressional district: Henry Clay (DR)
 * Kentucky's 6th congressional district: Joseph Desha (DR)
 * Louisiana


 * Louisiana's at-large congressional district: Thomas B. Robertson (DR)
 * Maryland

The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.
 * Maryland's 1st congressional district: Philip Stuart (F)
 * Maryland's 2nd congressional district: Joseph Kent (DR)
 * Maryland's 3rd congressional district: Philip B. Key (F)
 * Maryland's 4th congressional district: Samuel Ringgold (DR)
 * Maryland's 5th congressional district: Peter Little (DR)
 * Maryland's 5th congressional district: Alexander McKim (DR)
 * Maryland's 6th congressional district: John Montgomery (DR)
 * Stevenson Archer (DR)
 * Maryland's 7th congressional district: Robert Wright (DR)
 * Maryland's 8th congressional district: Charles Goldsborough (F)
 * Massachusetts


 * Massachusetts's 1st congressional district: Josiah Quincy (F)
 * Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district: William Reed (F)
 * Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district: Leonard White (F)
 * Massachusetts's 4th congressional district: Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR)
 * William M. Richardson (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 5th congressional district: William Ely (F)
 * Massachusetts's 6th congressional district: Samuel Taggart (F)
 * Massachusetts's 7th congressional district: Charles Turner, Jr. (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 8th congressional district: Isaiah L. Green (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 9th congressional district: Laban Wheaton (F)
 * Massachusetts's 10th congressional district: Elijah Brigham (F)
 * Massachusetts's 11th congressional district: Abijah Bigelow (F)
 * Massachusetts's 12th congressional district: Ezekiel Bacon (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 13th congressional district: Ebenezer Seaver (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 14th congressional district: Richard Cutts (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 15th congressional district: William Widgery (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 16th congressional district: Peleg Tallman (DR)
 * Massachusetts's 17th congressional district: Barzillai Gannett (DR)
 * Francis Carr (DR)


 * New Hampshire

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * New Hampshire's at-large congressional district: Josiah Bartlett, Jr. (DR)
 * New Hampshire's at-large congressional district: Samuel Dinsmoor (DR)
 * New Hampshire's at-large congressional district: Obed Hall (DR)
 * New Hampshire's at-large congressional district: John A. Harper (DR)
 * New Hampshire's at-large congressional district: George Sullivan (F)
 * New Jersey

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district: Adam Boyd (DR)
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district: Lewis Condict (DR)
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district: Jacob Hufty (DR)
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district: George C. Maxwell (DR)
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district: James Morgan (DR)
 * New Jersey's at-large congressional district: Thomas Newbold (DR)
 * New York

There were two plural districts, the 2nd & 6th each had two representatives.
 * New York's 1st congressional district: Ebenezer Sage (DR)
 * New York's 2nd congressional district: Samuel L. Mitchill (DR)
 * New York's 2nd congressional district: William Paulding, Jr. (DR)
 * New York's 3rd congressional district: Pierre Van Cortlandt, Jr. (DR)
 * New York's 4th congressional district: James Emott (F)
 * New York's 5th congressional district: Thomas B. Cooke (DR)
 * New York's 6th congressional district: Asa Fitch (F)
 * New York's 6th congressional district: Robert Le Roy Livingston (F)
 * Thomas P. Grosvenor (F)
 * New York's 7th congressional district: Harmanus Bleecker (F)
 * New York's 8th congressional district: Benjamin Pond (DR)
 * New York's 9th congressional district: Thomas Sammons (DR)
 * New York's 10th congressional district: Silas Stow (DR)
 * New York's 11th congressional district: Thomas R. Gold (F)
 * New York's 12th congressional district: Arunah Metcalf (DR)
 * New York's 13th congressional district: Uri Tracy (DR)
 * New York's 14th congressional district: Daniel Avery (DR)
 * New York's 15th congressional district: Peter B. Porter (DR)
 * North Carolina


 * North Carolina's 1st congressional district: Lemuel Sawyer (DR)
 * North Carolina's 2nd congressional district: Willis Alston (DR)
 * North Carolina's 3rd congressional district: Thomas Blount (DR)
 * William Kennedy (DR)
 * North Carolina's 4th congressional district: William Blackledge (DR)
 * North Carolina's 5th congressional district: William R. King (DR)
 * North Carolina's 6th congressional district: Nathaniel Macon (DR)
 * North Carolina's 7th congressional district: Archibald McBryde (F)
 * North Carolina's 8th congressional district: Richard Stanford (DR)
 * North Carolina's 9th congressional district: James Cochran (DR)
 * North Carolina's 10th congressional district: Joseph Pearson (F)
 * North Carolina's 11th congressional district: Israel Pickens (DR)
 * North Carolina's 12th congressional district: Meshack Franklin (DR)
 * Ohio


 * Ohio's at-large congressional district: Jeremiah Morrow (DR)


 * Pennsylvania

There were four plural districts, the 1st, 2nd, & 3rd had three representatives each, the 4th had two representatives.
 * Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district: William Anderson  (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district: James Milnor (F)
 * Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district: Adam Seybert (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district: Robert Brown (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district: Jonathan Roberts (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district: William Rodman (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district: Roger Davis (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district: John M. Hyneman (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district: Joseph Lefever (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district: David Bard (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district: Robert Whitehill (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 5th congressional district: George Smith (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 6th congressional district: William Crawford  (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district: William Piper (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 8th congressional district: William Findley (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 9th congressional district: John Smilie (DR), died December 30, 1812, vacant to end
 * Pennsylvania's 10th congressional district: Aaron Lyle (DR)
 * Pennsylvania's 11th congressional district: Abner Lacock (DR)
 * Rhode Island

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
 * Rhode Island's at-large congressional district: Richard Jackson, Jr. (F)
 * Rhode Island's at-large congressional district: Elisha R. Potter (F)
 * South Carolina


 * South Carolina's 1st congressional district: Langdon Cheves (DR)
 * South Carolina's 2nd congressional district: William Butler, Sr. (DR)
 * South Carolina's 3rd congressional district: David R. Williams (DR)
 * South Carolina's 4th congressional district: William Lowndes (DR)
 * South Carolina's 5th congressional district: Richard Winn (DR)
 * South Carolina's 6th congressional district: John C. Calhoun (DR)
 * South Carolina's 7th congressional district: Thomas Moore (DR)
 * South Carolina's 8th congressional district: Elias Earle (DR)
 * Tennessee


 * Tennessee's 1st congressional district: John Rhea (DR)
 * Tennessee's 2nd congressional district: John Sevier (DR)
 * Tennessee's 3rd congressional district: Felix Grundy (DR)
 * Vermont


 * Vermont's 1st congressional district: Samuel Shaw (DR)
 * Vermont's 2nd congressional district: William Strong (DR)
 * Vermont's 3rd congressional district: James Fisk (DR)
 * Vermont's 4th congressional district: Martin Chittenden (F)
 * Virginia


 * Virginia's 1st congressional district: Thomas Wilson (F)
 * Virginia's 2nd congressional district: John Baker (F)
 * Virginia's 3rd congressional district: John Smith (DR)
 * Virginia's 4th congressional district: William McCoy (DR)
 * Virginia's 5th congressional district: James Breckinridge (F)
 * Virginia's 6th congressional district: Daniel Sheffey (F)
 * Virginia's 7th congressional district: Joseph Lewis, Jr. (F)
 * Virginia's 8th congressional district: John P. Hungerford (DR)
 * John Taliaferro (DR)
 * Virginia's 9th congressional district: Aylett Hawes (DR)
 * Virginia's 10th congressional district: John Dawson (DR)
 * Virginia's 11th congressional district: John Roane (DR)
 * Virginia's 12th congressional district: Burwell Bassett (DR)
 * Virginia's 13th congressional district: William A. Burwell (DR)
 * Virginia's 14th congressional district: Matthew Clay (DR)
 * Virginia's 15th congressional district: John Randolph (DR)
 * Virginia's 16th congressional district: James Pleasants (DR)
 * Virginia's 17th congressional district: Thomas Gholson, Jr. (DR)
 * Virginia's 18th congressional district: Peterson Goodwyn (DR)
 * Virginia's 19th congressional district: Edwin Gray (DR)
 * Virginia's 20th congressional district: Thomas Newton, Jr. (DR)
 * Virginia's 21st congressional district: Hugh Nelson (DR)
 * Virginia's 22nd congressional district: John Clopton (DR)

Delegates

 * Illinois Territory


 * Illinois Territory's at-large congressional district: Shadrack Bond, seated December 3, 1812
 * Indiana Territory


 * Indiana Territory's at-large congressional district: Jonathan Jennings
 * Mississippi Territory


 * Mississippi Territory's at-large congressional district: George Poindexter
 * Missouri Territory


 * Missouri Territory's at-large congressional district: Edward Hempstead, seated November 9, 1812

Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

 * replacements: 1
 * Democratic-Republicans: no net change
 * Federalists: no net change
 * deaths: 0
 * resignations: 4
 * interim appointments: 1
 * seats of newly admitted states: 2
 * vacancies:1
 * Total seats with changes: 6

House of Representatives

 * replacements: 3
 * Democratic-Republicans: no net change
 * Federalists: no net change
 * deaths: 2
 * resignations: 5
 * contested election: 1
 * seats of newly admitted states: 1
 * vacancies: 1
 * Total seats with changes: 10

Officers

 * Architect of the Capitol: Benjamin Latrobe, appointed March 6, 1803

Senate

 * Secretary: Samuel A. Otis of Massachusetts, elected April 8, 1789
 * Sergeant at Arms:
 * James Mathers of New York, elected April 7, 1789, died in office.
 * Mountjoy Bayly of New Hampshire, elected November 6, 1811
 * Chaplain: John Brackenridge, Presbyterian, elected November 13, 1811

House of Representatives

 * Clerk: Patrick Magruder of Maryland, elected November 4, 1811
 * Sergeant at Arms: Thomas Dunn of Maryland, elected November 4, 1811
 * Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton, elected November 4, 1811
 * Chaplain:
 * Nicholas Sneathen, Methodist, elected November 4, 1811
 * Jesse Lee, Methodist, elected November 2, 1812